Everything about Kunming Lake totally explained
Kunming Lake is the central
lake on the grounds of the
Summer Palace in
Beijing,
China. Together with the
Longevity Hill, Kunming Lake forms the key landscape features of the Summer Palace gardens.
With an area of 2.2
square kilometers, Kunming Lake covers approximately three quarters of the Summer Palace grounds. It is fairly shallow with an average depth of only 1.5
meter. Since the lake develops a solid ice cover in winter, it's used for
ice skating.
History
Kunming Lake is a man-made lake. Its predecessors were called
Wengshan (Jar Hill) Pond and
Xihu Lake. They were reservoirs which had been used as sources of water both for the city and irrigation of fields over a period of 3,500 years.
Guo Shoujing, a famous astronomer and engineer in his time, developed it into a reservoir for the capital of the
Yuan Dynasty in
1291. The conversion of the area into an imperial garden was commissioned by the
Qianlong Emperor with the work being carried out between
1750 and
1764 . In the course of creating the gardens, the lake area was extended by a workforce of almost 10,000 laborers.
In the year
1990 and
1991, the Beijing Municipal Government undertook the first dredging of the lake in 240 years. A total of 652,600
cubic meters of sludge were removed in the work. 205 Japanese bombs dropped during the
Sino-Japanese War were also found.
Garden Design
With its three large islands, Kunming Lake represents the traditional Chinese garden element of the
"fairy hill within the sea". The three islands are named
Nanhu (South Lake),
Tuancheng, and
Zaojian Island and are modelled after the three famous fairy tale islands Yingzhou (瀛洲),
Penglai (蓬莱), and Fangzhang (方丈), where
immortals were said to live. Many features of Kunming Lake are inspired by natural scenery form the region south of the
Yangtze River. In particular, the West Dike is a recreation of the famous Su Di Dike on the
West Lake in
Hangzhou. It cuts diagonally through the southern part of the lake. Like the Su Di Dike, the West Dike is connected through six bridges, each with its own distinctive style: Jiehu, Binfeng,
Yudai, Jing, Lian, and Liu
Bridge.
The largest bridge on Kunming Lake is the
17-Arch Bridge, it connects the eastern shore with Nanhu Island, which represents the mythical Penglai Island. Close to the bridge on the eastern shore stands a bronze ox sculpture. According the Chinese legend,
Yu the Great used an iron ox to prevent flooding. Since the bronze ox is located on the eastern dike of Kunming Lake in the direction of the
Forbidden City, it was probably erected in order to protect the Forbidden City from the Lake's floods.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Kunming Lake'.
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